Relationships
Pro 11:30
Souls winner = winning people to yourself & in the process win them to Christ
2 Cor 3
People in the world is reading the bible thru you!
So what kind of a bible are you?
How to win people?
Thru our relationships with them!
=> improve it!
Relationship is related to success in life!
We don't need miracles everyday, God gave us His instructions in His bible already!
10 commandments to successful relationships!
1. COMMUNICATION
Effective communication = focus on 1 thing @ all times
Jam 1:19
2. Be INTERESTED in people in their world
Phil 2:3-4
God has burdens but He is still interested in your life & yet He hears your prayers all the time!
3. Make people feel IMPORTANT
There is always something to learn from other people!
Luk 10
4. SMILE when you meet people
Smile = I like you! ; I value you!
5. ENCOURAGE people
Encourage = put courage in people!
God always believe in us!
6. Be LONGSUFFERING
Jer 29:11
Be slow to anger
Have space for failure
7. RESPECT people
Their titles!
Their private space! Don't overstep the boundaries!
Their time! Be punctual!
Compliment them!
8. ESTEEM others as better than yourself
9. Use PEOPLE'S NAMES more than usual
Don't be self-absorbed!
10. Be COMPLIMENTARY of people
Don't measure your praise!
Compliment children in front their parents!
Paul praise the corinthians! (People who were messing around!)
How to treat others!
Children
Eph 6:1-3
Honour (Gk.) = to lavish (others)
Speak well of your parents always!
Eph 6:4
Don't make unreasonable demands on your children! Be fair to everyone!
Wife
Col 3:19
Husband
Eph 5:33
Friends
1. Friends STRENGTHENS your hands in God
1 Sam 23:16
2. Friends create FAITH, not fear
1 Sam 23:17a
3. Friends CELEBRARTE each other's victory
1 Sam 23:17b
4. Friends EQUIP you for the future
1 Sam 18:4
all sermons posted here are written in a simplified manner & are usually not edited from é moment i've written it down during serivce. pls 4give me if there're any problems in understanding it. pls leave me a comment should i break any copyright laws. どうも。 -Esther
Sunday, February 19, 2006
19/02/2006 : Relationships
Saturday, February 18, 2006
12/02/2006 : Launch Out Into The Deep
Launch Out Into The Deep
Lk 10:1-2
Everywhere we go is a pre-cursor for the kingdom of God
V.3 Go out! Reach out even if they're wolves! Lamb-nature? = empowered by the Holy Spirit!
Lk 10:5 Bless the lost!
V. 6-7 Fellowship! Meet their needs, heal their wounds
V. 10 Preach to them!
4 Simple steps, don't jump board!
Don't start with witnessing!
Jn 4:39-42
This Samaritan woman was the most despised among her people (she is a half-breed & she is a 5-time divorcee that she need to draw water in the middle of the day when there's no public!)
Yet Jesus was kind & positive to her & her town, & eventually in Acts: a revival broke off in the town!
Jn 4:35
1.Lift up your eyes from your OWN NEEDS
Eph 6:8
2.Lift your eyes to the LORD
3. Lift your eyes in the way you see OTHER PEOPLE
Soul (Heb): man of potential
Lk 5:1-2
V. 3 Jesus left His congregation to sit in with Simon Peter! Jesus was ready to fellowship for awhile!
Lk 5:4-5
V. 4 Jesus said 'nets'!
V. 5 Simon let down a 'net' (he was filled with disbelief)
The deep ocean floor is way different from the shallow part: more pressure!
Just like the fallen world!
And like simon we need to let down our net(works) of friends!
V.6 Our friends are more willing to know Jesus than we think we know
Jesus liken the world to fishes
Love-boat
Submarine
HK Floating Resturant
Aircraft Carrier
Speed Boat
Fishing Boat
Sunday, February 05, 2006
05/02/2006 : The House of God
The House of God
Ruth 1:1-2
Famine = time of lack (when we'll make decision that will make us or break us)
Bethlehem = house of bread
Judah = house of praise
Moab = incestual relationships
Elimelech is a leader, head of household
Gen 8:12
Ruth 1:2
Mahlon = sickly
Chilion = wasting away
God is our compass: a slight change in degree, we'll be lost
Orpah = a woman of beautiful hair
Ruth = a friend
Ruth 1:14;16-17
Ruth knew God as her own God - inspired by Naomi
Boaz = lively
Attached to the house of God
Ps 92:13
Planted! Not attended!
Blessings from the house of God
1. Fresh Anointing v.10
2. New Vision v.11a
3. Hearing God's Voice v.11b
4. No Dry Season v.12 (palm tree can survive in the desert & full of oil) God is in the ministry of convictions not condemnation
5. Health, Riches & Honour v.13-14
6. Lifelong Productivity v.14
7. Shine for Jesus v.15
Isa 58:13
- CHC @ Expo Hall 8; Sun Service @ 10am
Wednesday, January 25, 2006
25/01/2006 : Accepting of Others
Accepting of Others
Lk 10:1-3
We're lambs among the wolves
Lk 10:5;7;7
1. Bless the lost
To bless means to speak well, encouraging, praising people
2 Cor 4:4
2. Fellowship with them
3. Find a need to meet
Find a wound to heal
4. Share the gospel
Acceptance does not mean approval
Eccl 7:16-18
Don't be overly righteous!
1 Tim 4:1-3
We rely on the Holy Spirit not on our pastors for our actions
Abstain from everything
Spectrum in life -> from inmoral to amoral (culture) to moral
Being godly is not being compelely moral
Christians should be receiving good stuff in life with thanksgiving!
God is not colourless & miserable
1 Tim 4:6
Rom 14:1-2;5-6;22-23
Walking in the Spirit & faith not fear!
It's easy to have rules to live but that's being weak in faith
Strong faith brings great freedom
Acceptance means showing respect even if you don't agree
- CHC @ Expo Hall 8; Wed CNY service @ 8pm
Sunday, January 22, 2006
22/01/2006 : Power of Confession
Power of Confession
Matt 16:13-16
If Jesus was just a man, He'll be a terrible man & a lunatic! Wanting people to die for Him & having hullcinations that He's God!
But Jesus is not just a man, He is & He still is the Son of God!
Who we are & what we have in God!
James 1:23-24
3 basic keys to success!
1. The power of revelation
- what has the Holy Spirit been telling you about you!
2. The power of visualisation
- seeing yourself as God sees you!
Everything in think started with a vision in someone's mind!
Eph 3:26
Are we bold enough to meet it?
3. The power of confession
- life & death is held by our tongue
Gen 1:1-3
Creativity is in us!
Ps 33:6
Breath : Heb. Spirit
Pray speaking aloud!
Heb 1:1-3
The Word is the launching pad of God's power
Heb 11:1
Definition of faith
2 levels
· Tangible touch - lay hands
· Intangible word - speaking aloud
Heb 11:3
My word will impact my environment
Re: self-fufilling prophecy
- CHC @ Expo; Sun Service @ 10am
Sunday, January 08, 2006
08/01/2006 : Your Self Image and How it Affects Your Future (Joyce Meyer)
Your Self Image and How it Affects Your Future
Loving yourself & loving your life
We can't run away from problems
Hurt, heal & ready to help
In Christ, we're never too late
Self-image & my future
2 Cor 5:17;21
Made right with God: He gives us righteousness
We're now made wonderful in God
Even in our mistakes, God loves us!
Lk 5:1-4
Go into the deep to get a haul of blessings
Die to yourself
Don't let your feelings to rule you!
Let the word of God to rule you!
Vision of God comes in levels & degrees & He'll test you in every level.
When we ask God for something bigger, He'll have something to test about us before He could give it to us.
In order to go up higher, we need to go deeper.
God is more interested in our personal life than our church-life!
Lk 5:5-6
We're only spiritual when we do the word & not only knowing the word.
It's not easy to stop living to our feelings but it's easier than living in bondage to our emotions
Live boldly!
Num 13:27-28;30-33
Stop thinking to the point of death!
Remember God is for us!
The children of Israel only saw themselves but not God.
The Holy Spirit transmits God's blessings to us: so we need to have the heart to receive
Heb 4:15-16
Jesus understands!
Stop looking at what is wrong with you & start looking at what is right with Jesus!
Make a difference in the world with God!
2 Sam 9:1-8
Is there anyone that God can be kind to for Jesus' sake?
Jacob: come boldly to the throne of grace!
- CHC @ Expo Hall 8; Sun Service @ 10am
Monday, January 02, 2006
01/01/2006 : Don't Look Back
Don't Look Back
Lk 17:32Who was Lot's wife?
Is she a wonderful wife? Powerful queen?
Gen 19:12-13;15-17
Sodom = root word for sodomy (sinful city)
God ask Lot to run without looking back (no regrets)
Looking back will hinder your destiny
1. Don't look back at the old sins that has been forgiven.
If we cannot handle guilt, it will destroy us
1 Jh 1:7;9
All sins has been forgiven!
When God forgives, He really forgets.
Isa
Ps 103:12
2. Don't look back at the old defeats that get you down.
Keep trying! Keep walking!
Ps 37:23-24
People who never failed in life are people who have never try anything important in life
3. Don't look back at the old conflicts that make you bitter
Pro 17:9
God has more faith in us than we have in ourselves!
He is positive! He has faith in us!
With God's help, we can forgive.
Only the strong have the attribute to forgive
The key to forgive lies in the ability to forgets
Gen 41:51
Manasseh is a gift
4. Don't look back at the old victories and think you have arrived
Phil 3:13
God is the God of today!
Remember Lot's wife! She looks back!
Eccl 3:8
Look up at Jesus! Look out at the problems!
- CHC @ Expo Hall 8; Sun Service @ 10am
Sunday, December 25, 2005
25/12/2005 : The Wise Men Who Rejected Jesus
The Wise Men Who Rejected Jesus
Lk 2:7
3 groups of men
1. The Inns-keepers
Business people - eyes for materials gains only & busy all the time & people who ingnore God due to lack time
2. King Herod
People who ignore God consciously
3. Wise men
Not priests but people who study pagan religions but they desire & seek God.
Who are you alike to?
- CHC @ Expo Hall 8; Sun service @ 10am
Tuesday, December 13, 2005
11/12/2005 : Memory of the Heart
Memory of the Heart
Out of our hearts flow the boundaries of our works
1. Human behavior is not just the results of the brain but the heart as well
2. Just like the brain process, so does the heart
3. Just like the brain has memory, so does the heart -with emotions
We learn to feel before we learn to think; our hearts develop before our minds
Fear
Gen 3:8-10
1. Fear is the 1st emotion that man experienced after he sinned
Heb 2:14-15
Greatest fear = failure
Power of Death = fear of failure
2. Fear is the chief emotion used by devil to rob you of the potential that is in me
Mk 6:45
God leaves storms for us to still; mountains for us to be overcomers (mountains-movers)
3. Fear paralyzes you
Job 3:25
Job 1:5
Job was worshipping out of fear. God wanted to deliver him out of his dependence on his offerings & fear but to walk in faith.
Fear will attracts the very thing you fear
Matt 25:24-25
Faith can be destroyed by our greatest fear: failure
Fear will bury our gifts & talents.
4. Fear makes it easy to blame others for your own failures
Heb 2
Jesus is here to deliver us all our lifetime
- CHC @ Expo Hall 8; Sun service @ 10am
Monday, December 05, 2005
04/12/2005 : Our Spiritual Covering - The Man Of God
Our Spiritual Covering - The Man Of God
Institutionlisation
Don't be caught only by the greatness of the institute
Position not jobs
Divine covering between man & God -> through anointing of the Lord
Covering not leaders
Properituty
Gen 2:15
Supervision given over the garden to man: law is also given
Tithing starts from this: Labour at the tree but not eat it
V. 18
Gen 3:9
Adam is the covering of Eve & God does not look at Eve for the sin but at Adam
Exo 13:1-2
Exo 22:29
Gen 4:1
Cain also does not care about his priesthood: an offering that is before the fullness of its time
Gen 25:31
Esau does not care about his priesthood
When a pastor blessed you, he is giving you this: Divine enabling to prosper.
Gen 33:12-15
Issac wanted the priesthood & even in the past people blessed by God are wealthy: Jacob is blessed
Gen 29
A dynasty is build!
Jacob is a good covering
Moses, Judges, David, Solomon & Jesus comes from this dynasty
Not just 1st born; but the 5-fold ministry is anointing
Wanting the matter of the leader & not just the greatness
Eph 4:8-9
Don't just know something during sermons; preachers are out to made you be something
1. Your Covering knows something you don't
Amos 3:7
Ps 103:7
Man of God knows the whys of God's works
2. Your Covering has great responsibility
Heb 13:17
Our pastors will stand beside us during judgment day
3. Your Covering does impossible things
Biggest spectum in the world is over us!
4. The feet of your Covering are beautiful
Isa 52:7
By the standard of the Saints
5. The world is not worthy of your Covering
Matt 13:54-57
The world does not want pastors to prosper
Mk 6:1-2
Scandalizel: spread scandals
Mk 10:29-30
Prosperity comes with persecutions
No slow miracles in the bible
Ps 118 24:27
- CHC; Service 4
Wednesday, November 30, 2005
27/11/2005 : Making Room for God (Part 4)
Walking with Visions
Over means over; move on with God!
Breakthroughs are not just for yourself but for the good of others as well
Eze 1:1
Breakthroughs are imperative
Visions takes time to come to pass
Walking with purpose is different from wondering
Faith is seeing visions & working towards it
Thoughts are as powerful as our prayers
Walk like your visions!
See God's version of you!
Being Spirit-filled means you are anointed & thus people will attack
Anointing -> Visions -> only thru faith then it can come to pass
V.4 There'll be storms but there'll be clouds & revelations will come so move your eyes on your clouds!
Paul could move the storm but he's always surrounded by people who reminded him of his past; so he focus on his clouds (revelations)
V. 9-11
Lion-face: the leader within you; God's kingdom is build on leaders
Cow-face:servanthood; the greatest leaders in the word are faithful servants
Eagle-face: your spiritual life; should always be behind-the-scene (importart & crucial but not outspoken
Wings: fly us to our dreams
- CHC; Service 4
Sunday, November 20, 2005
20/11/2005 : The Power of Focus
The Power of Focus
Lk 11:34 KJV
Single eye = focused
Focused light has tremendous power
Focus is the center point of my attention
Laser in comparison to the energy of the sun is nothing; but with focus it can achieve an energy that is greater than the heat of the sun's surface
Focus brings energy
Focus brings my success
Phil 3:13
Lk 9:51-53
Jesus was focused on going to calvery
Jesus was always focused on His mission
How to establish my focus?
1. I need to build on my Strength
2. I need to build on my Distinctive
-will never burnout on the things that you like & good @
3. I need to build on my Revelation
-what has God shown you in your life
Acts 6:4
The disciples focused on prayer & preaching of the word
Invest your time only on things that you're good @
1 Cor 10:23
Distraction is to have your attention drawn away on something other than your purpose
Jn 3:22
1. Don't get distracted by Interim Succcsses
Jn 4:1-3
Jesus moved on when people thought that He's a baptist
2. Don't get distracted by Competition
Jn 3:23-26
V.27 you cannot have what God never give you. :)
Jn 21:17,20-22
Jn 18:33-37
Focus protects you from distraction
Focus tells you when to fight & when to let go
Don't miss the big picture!
Glory is released under Pressure
Heb 12:2
Purpose brings with it both the joy & pain
3. Don't get distracted by the Pain of Life
a. The pain of Discipline
b. The pain of Separation from Friends
c. The pain of Disappointment
d. The pain of Obedience
Heb 5:8
Life's greatest lessons is learned thru sorrows
Isa 55
e. The pain of Accusation
Jn 7:1-2, 3-4 (TLB), 5, 6 (TLB)
Pro 4:25-26
- CHC; Service 4
Sunday, November 13, 2005
13/11/2005 : The Holy Calling of God
The Holy calling of God
2 Tim 1:8-9
Holy = glory = shekinah = expensive, heavyweight
Phil 3:14
We don't deserve the calling
Don't forget we're the servants.
We're called to
1. salvation
2. child-likeness
3. ministry
Remember we're not of the world.
- CHC; Service 4
Sunday, November 06, 2005
06/11/2005 : Releasing the Glory in You
Releasing the Glory in You
Mk 9:2-4
Jesus' glory was 1st shown to His 3 disciples
"Glory" = (doxa) Light of splendour; Honour of good reputation; (Kabod) & Value.
Ps 19:1
Num 14:21
Rev 21
1 Chor 22
God has given man His glory
Ps 8:3-5
Lower than God! Not angels! Read your footnotes!
My glory is the value of who I am
2 Cor 6:18
1. God created everything with glory
2. All creation is to manifest all the glory it contains
3. Man is the ultimate display of God's glory
Ps 8:5-9
Maximum productivity
Gen 1:28
Glory should be the goal of our lives
How to manifest the glory?
Gen 2:15
4. Glory is released by work.
Adam could live in the Garden of Eden as long as He works.
If it is right, it is possible.
Matt 5:14-16
Eccl 9:10
The dead can do nothing!
Eph 3:20-21
We are meant to shine for God!
Do our life assignment & glorify God!
Jh 2:1-3
Things run out?
Problems-solvers are highly priced & valued. Christian problems-solvers will bring glory to God's kingdom
Jh 2:6-11
Glory to glory!
The wine, turned from water, tasted better than the real wine
Jh 12:23, 27-28a
There is no such thing as a secret glory
Glory can be hidden but not invisible
Ps 8:5
There is no secret crowning.
Any secret crowning is illegal!
But get ready for people's critics
Hab 2:14
- CHC; Service 4
Sunday, October 30, 2005
30/10/2005 : The Ten Critical Laws of Relationships
The Ten Critical Laws of Relationships
We face certain disappointments because we can't what we was/has relationship with the wrong people
No one can make you happy but the wrong people can really make you miserable
We must realized that people cannot live independently. Our lives is not determined ourselves solely
Pro 18:1
Phil 2:3
Gen 11
Ps 133:1
Nothing is impossible when we agree.
People can make or break you.
People never blame the wrong people; they always protect the wrong people
4/10 rules of Relationships
1.You will suffer both the consequences & the rewards of those closest to you
Pro 13:20
Be willing to share their consequences & your rewards if you allow certain people to be near you
Always consider the person's negative side if you want to be the persoy
2. Every relationship has unspoken rule to both enter & remain
Est 2:13-17
Gen 41:12-14
Wrong happens in a whisper not a scream
Est 5:8
Exceed expectations not just meet expectations
3. Your future is competely dependent upon the quality of the person you call "friend".
Jn 15:14
Ps 119:79
My friends
a. Must be committed to long-lasting relationship
b. Must have empires in their brains
c. Must be Sowers
d. Must qualify to meet my seed; because the future of the seed is dependent upon the quality of the soil.
e. Must prize integrity above relationships
f. Must be willing to confront my enemies when they threatened to hurt me
4. Poverty is not the lack of money; the proof of misguided money
Pro 11: 24-25
People don't have money as they use it unwisely
Heb 13:7
- CHC; Service 4
Sunday, October 23, 2005
23/10/2005 : Knowing the word God has spoken into your life (tentative title)
Knowing the word God has spoken into your life
Rev 3:1
World is in a mess
But people who are overcomers will be pillars in God's kingdom
Phill 1:6
The most important thing is God's word in your life & how you claim onto it.
Peter was not born great but made great by God
1 Kng 7:21
Jakin = establishment
Boaz = strength
Bronze, the material of the pillars, is not a natural material. It is man-made
18 cubic = 10 + 8
10 = commandments (sinless)
8 = new beginning
1 Jn 3:21
V.12 12 = no. of government
v.16 5 = no. of grace (offerings of grace, 4 = World; + 1 = grace)
Zech 4:6-7
Christ is your strength
Ps 27:1,4
Prayer is the key to change nations
Ps 18:2
Ps 27:4
1. David made the house of God the most important house in his life
2. David love to enquire God in every situation he has.
Be governed by God not circumstances
Exo 15:2
Experience God
God will never break me.
Isa 40:28
God's strength is for the weak.
- CHC; Service 4
Sunday, October 09, 2005
09/10/2005 : The Foundation Of Christian marriage
The Foundation Of Christian marriage
1 Cor 7
Marriage is not easy
I. Commit your commitment to Jesus Christ
Lk 14:25-27, 33
Our 1st commitment should be Jesus.
1st priority is God's will
His word is our law
Jh 12:47-49
Jh 14:21
Manifest in us when we love Him
"History is about the conflict of 2 loves. The love of God to disregarding of self, the love of self to disregarding of God." - St. An
II. Your commitment to your spouse
Mk 10:6-9
Col 3:19
Eph 5:25
Titus 2:4
Love is commitment, a choice
God did not say that you love because you feel like it, but love because you're married.
Mal 2:13-14
God will never abandon the marriage covenant, thus anyone who do so, his/her sacrifice will not be accepted by God
Mal 2:15-16
III. Understand the way of love
1 Cor 12:31
Strength of a church is in the relationships of the members not the activities they've.
1. Commandment
a. Man's relationship to God
b. Man's relationship to his neighbors
Gal 5:13-14
Want to live a godly live? Start from your home.
We tend to judge other based on their actions but ourselves on our intentions.
2. Testimony
To others
Jh 13:34-35
3. The Hard Way
a.Satan attacks relationships the hardest. He knows it's the foundation of the society : God's works
Eph 6:10-12
Main strategy of the devil is to make us hate people: divide & conquer.
b. Love is always about others & not about ourselves
1 Cor 13:11
Children are self-centered unlike mature love
Love is discipline: to grow up, to commit to others
4. In us
Rom 5:5
The most loving person in the world is in us: the Holy Spirit
- CHC; Service 4
Sunday, October 02, 2005
02/10/2005 : Seizing the moment
Seizing the moment
Isa 42:9-10
Jesus brought new things when He was on earth & was not like the prophets before Him
Jh 7:42
2 Cor 4:16
2 Cor 3:18
Things of the Spirit is getting renewed
Trendsetter
Eph 3:10-11
Manifold = many sided
Church should be the leader not a follower!
Change people!
Change your teaching styles
Eccles 3:1
Everything under heaven has a time & purpose
Eccles 3:2
Eph 5:14,17-18
Worst thing that can happen: Window of visions open but we can't see it.
1 Cor 2:9-10
Lk 19:44
Time = kairos = opportunity, season
Jer 8:20
Isa 54:1-3
Sing now for the future harvest!
Do not spare your energy on things.
Do not hold back your spirit!
Matt 16:18
We will meet the gates of hell when we move for God
Barriers that we'll meet
1. The Past: Bondages
2. The Present : Hesitation
God always asked His people to move during difficult times.
But He always brings us through it!
Because although there'll be weapons formed against us, they will not prosper.
3. The Future : Fear
Eccles 11:4
4. Temptation
Stay focus!
5. Resources
Lacking in people?
Raise up! Stop waiting for the perfect condition!
But even when we're reduced to our lowest supply of resources, God can still move for you as long as you're called .
6. Relationship
Our measurements is base on our accomplishments for God
Are we going to continue our work today or not?
James 4:3
Don't get too comfy!
Lk 5:33-39
Be changed for the new wine!
It's not easy but without change there won't be improvement!
Want nothing less than God's standards!
Anything holding you back?
- CHC; Service 4
Sunday, September 25, 2005
25/09/2005 : Making Room for God
Making Room for God
2 Kgs 4:8Notable = great, wealthy
But most of all this woman is a giver.
God is not against you having money, He is against money having you.
2 Kgs 4:9
God is constantly with us
2 Kgs 4:10
Upper room was given to God
4 different furniture in the room : 4 different attitude towards God
Bed = place of rest
Faith : Forsaking all I trust Him.
Table = place of fellowship
The heart of worship
Chair = a throne
Praise & worship
Be a 1st class worshiper
Lamp = God's word
Power of God move thru an attitude of faith
Create the attitude with the words I say, attitude of faith & the songs you sing.
2 Kgs 4:11-12, 15
1st time when the woman was called she stood in front Elisha's servant.
2nd time she stood in front him herself
2 Kgs 4:16
Visions giving is the nature of the Holy Spirit.
2 Kgs 4:17
God may not be early but He is never late : vision came true.
2 Kgs 4:20
Visions will die but God will bring everything to a supernatural realm.
2 Kgs 4:23
Faith for God's works.
2 Kgs 4:31-34
Baptised by the Holy Spirit
2 Kgs 4:34
The Holy Spirit has an overpowering effect.
- CHC; Service 4
Sunday, September 18, 2005
18/09/2005 : Rev Richard Roberts Healing Service
Rev Richard Roberts Healing Service: Raise, take up your bed & walk.
1 Cor 12
Word of knowledge is his ministry.
Jn 10:10
Satan is here to steal your health
Jh 5:1-15
Jh 5:8
Raise up your spirit man!
Take up your afflictions!
Walk! Move & do your part.
Don't bring your bitterness around, only with faith then can we move on in life.
- CHC; Service 4